Teaching Certificate Borough Road College of Education, London 1963; BSc University of London 1969; PhD Simon Fraser University, British Columbia 1974
High school and technical college, London; Simon Fraser University
Plant physiology and ecology, population biology, biostatistics
Physiological and evolutionary aspects of plant ecology with emphasis on the reproductive strategies and resource allocation of annual and perennial weeds
Numerous articles and papers in professional journals, notably Canadian Journal of Botany, American Biology Teacher, Natural History, American Midland Naturalist, Journal of Plant Physiology