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Colgate University PEACE 111
In fall 2008, members of the Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies course at Colgate University embarked on a collaborative project to understand and interrogate 20th century histories of war and violence, as well as its resolutions. As part of this endeavor, students and faculty analyze and disseminate information about marginalized conflicts. By ‘marginalized’ we mean conflicts left unaddressed – either in our class examination or in the broader frame of existing historical knowledge. We aim to shock, surprise, and provoke reflection.
You can listen to each episode by simply clicking on a link below, downloading the file to your computer to listen to later, or by subscribing to the Marginalized Conflicts podcast series.
Here is more information about podcasting at Colgate. If you are encountering problems, our podcasting producers Rich Grant and Ray Nardelli can help.
Episode 01: Violence in Southern Thailand
Tyrell Haberkorn, postdoctoral fellow in Peace & Conflict Studies
In July 2007, nearly 400 citizens were arrested as suspected "terrorists" involved in Islamic insurgency in the three southern-most provinces of Thailand. Denied knowledge of the evidence against them, they were given the option of being formally charged under the criminal code or undergoing a four-month "occupational training" course. This podcast examines these detentions as part of the spectrum of violence in southern Thailand.
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Episode 02: The Cambodian Genocide and the Continuing Effects of War after Conflict Resolution
Katherine Clark '11
On April 17, 1975, the Khmer Rouge invaded the Cambodian capital, Phnom Penh, and drove the inhabitants of the city to the countryside. The new leadership forced city-dwellers into agricultural communes, with hopes of bringing Cambodia into a new era. Any resistance to the new movement was met with violence and execution. During the period that followed over two million people perished in the Cambodian Genocide. However, the death toll did not end with conflict resolution. Instead, land mines, a product of the civil unrest, violence, and hatred, continue to kill and maim civilians. The number of casualties from land mines are much too high through out Cambodia and in over 65 other countries. What are the implications of such statistics?
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Episode 03: The Armenian Genocide
Miriam Neustadt '11
From 1915 to 1918, the Ottoman Empire, today known as Turkey, brutally and systematically murdered 1.5 million Armenian Christians. The event was considered quite successful. In fact, predecessors like Adolf Hitler followed the model of the Ottoman government when organizing his Holocaust during WWII. Considered the first modern genocide, the Armenian Genocide still goes formally unrecognized in Turkey and the United States. How can such atrocity go unrecognized after ninety years?
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Episode 04: The Lost Boys of Sudan
Olivia Straub '12
Beginning in 1983, the Northern Sudanese government began launching attacks on Southern villages. Many people died in these vicious attacks; however, one group of people did survive. The Lost Boys of Sudan are a group of 7 to 17 year old boys who walked over 500 miles to escape the violence occurring in their homeland.
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Episode 05: The Democratic Republic of Congo
Christopher Dixon '12
From the time of Leopold II to the turn of the century, the Congo has been ruled ruthlessly by self serving autocrats. Resources in the region are vital to today's global economy but have been the cause of conflict for the past 125 years. Proxy militia groups now divide and terrorize the Congolese people and weaken the DRC's government. This podcast gives a brief insight in to the history of the Democratic Republic of Congo as well as the issues the country faces today.
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Episode 06: The Massacre in Drencia, Kosovo
Bardha Ajeti '12
Fifty-eight ethnic Albanians, including Adem Jashari, the leader of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), were massacred by the Serbian police in hopes of suppressing the independence movement in Kosovo. The massacre resulted in the war in Kosovo between the years 1998-1999. This podcast unravels the events before, during and after that unfortunate day.
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Episode 07: Conflict Diamonds and Human Rights Violations
Vera Carrington '10
The illegal and secret production of diamonds from unlicensed mines throughout Africa has caused mass violence throughout the world. Because these diamonds are passing through the diamond trade and reaching parts of Europe and America, many consumers are buying diamonds that have cost people their lives. This pod cast examines the inhumanity surrounding conflict diamonds, and purposes ways in which consumers can take a stand against the violence surrounding diamonds from conflict areas around the world.
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Episode 08: South Africa under Apartheid
Andrew Eldredge '11
From 1948 to 1990, South Africa functioned under a system of state racism. Under apartheid, non-white South Africans were subjected to oppressive rule and flagrant human rights violations. Over the past two decades, South Africa transformed into a democratic state and emerged as a promising light in a land scorched of hope. In the coming years, South Africa must embrace its role as a regional leader and continue to reform to become a more tolerant society.
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Episode 09: The Struggle for East Timor
Teesa Bahana '11
This podcast provides information on the invasion of East Timor by Indonesia in 1975 and the brutal occupation and arduous struggle for liberation that followed until East Timor declared its independence in 2002.
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Episode 10: The Lost Boys of Sudan
Sheldon Keegan '11
In 1983, 27,000 Sudanese boys between the ages of 5 and 18 were forced to flee from their homes to escape guerilla violence and the surrounding Civil War. Their journey to safety was dangerous, traumatic, and left many of them in refugee camps in Kenya. This podcast describes the boys' past struggles, their current efforts to start over, and the international community's reaction to their war experience and post-war life.
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Episode 11: The U.S. versus Castro's Cuba - From Batista to the Cold War
Diandra Rivera '12
This podcast is about the beginning of the end of the U.S.- Cuban relationship caused by the revolution led by Fidel Castro. This resulted in the American government's placement of the Embargo Act upon Cuba.
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Episode 12: El Mozote Massacre
Dana Epsten '11
The El Mozote massacre occurred on December 11, 1981 leaving over 800 people dead including a shocking number of women and children. Despite the fact this tragedy occurred so many years ago, those who committed the crimes still have not paid for their actions nor has the Salvadoran government completely admitted to their faults. This podcast examines the push for justice in El Salvador as well as the country's struggle to come to terms with the past.
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Episode 13: The Darfur War
Brian K Gitau '11
The Darfur war has been on the mass media spotlight for a while now but less is said about how it all started. The conflict between the anti government militia and the pro- governments militia had its roots on the migration of Chadian Arabs in to Sudan. In addition, alienation of the non Arab communities by the Arab elite in Sudan also contributed a lot to the genesis of the Darfur War. Since the war began, its impact on the people has been horrendous. People have fled from Sudan, others have died and for those who have survived; every day is filled with trauma from the events that have epitomized Darfur. This podcast examines the genesis of the war and its impact but, it also highlights the efforts that are been made by the international community in terms of helping the affected people in Sudan.
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Episode 14: The Arab-Israeli Conflict
Mark Miller '11
The Arab-Israeli conflict began before the creation of the state of Israel, and continues to this day. This conflict has consisted of numerous wars and smaller scale violence. While these conflicts have led to a small degree of peace, there is currently no foreseeable end to this conflict. This podcast examines the broad spectrum of conflicts and their ends, and the effect these ends have had on creating a lasting peace between the Arab world and the Israelis.
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Episode 15: My Lai Massacre
Melissa Giusti '11
Within a four hour span, between 400 and 500 Vietnamese civilians in My Lai were killed by American soldiers during the Vietnam War. Somehow, the United States military was able to cover up the massacre until members of the press reported the truth. Still, nobody was held seriously responsible for the atrocities and what took place in My Lai receives very little attention today. This podcast questions how and why this happened, as well as how to prevent similar situations which already appear to be occurring.
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Episode 16: Drug Trafficking in The Caribbean
Brendan D. Buglione '10
Drug trafficking networks throughout the Caribbean and South America have shaped and shoved many societal aspects of the area and has had profound impacts on a multiplicity of global nations.
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Episode 17: The Northern Ireland Crisis
Brendan Gibney '11
“The Northern Ireland Crisis” podcasts examines the conflict between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the British Government. The longstanding, vicious struggle seems to have moved from downright brutal situation to a more peaceful one in recent years. However, there still exists subtle activity that suggests that the conflict is in fact not over. The podcast touches not only on historical, well-known events, such as the infamous Dirty Protest, but also on more current issues such as the murder of Paul Quinn and the subsequent actions of the IRA.
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Episode 18: The U.S.-Iraq Conflict
Ben Bernstein '10
Over the course of history, Iraq has had many types of conflicts that continue to influence the country today. These conflicts are religious, Sunni-Shia, ethnic, Kurd-Arab, and cultural, related to British imperialism. They should definitely be considered by U.S. policy makers when decisions are made about the of U.S. troops in Iraq. This podcast examines these conflicts as well as a possible future role for U.S. troops in Iraq.
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Episode 19: Psychological Effects of Torture
Sydney Fields '11
At Libertad Prison, the inmates were subjected to physical and psychological torture, which manifests itself in the effects seen after release. Around the world, there are many institutes that support people who have suffered from torture, especially in helping them cope with past experiences. In particular, they focus on post traumatic stress disorder, which plagues many of these people and disables them from returning to a normal life. Psychological effects of torture vary from person to person but in every case are truly demoralizing.
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Episode 20: The Untold Story of Chechen Terrorists
John Dohse '12
On the 23rd of October 2002 the "9th Division of the Chechen army," took approximately 700 civilians hostage in a Moscow theater. Although major media organizations like the BBC and CNN portrayed the event as a simple act of terrorism, it was caused by a history of severe human rights violations against Chechens by the Russian government. This podcast examines the abductions, torture, and killing of Chechen civilians during WWII, the two Chechen Wars, and the present.
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Episode 21: Child Soldiers in Northern Uganda
Eric Spencer '12
For two decades, a rebel group known as Lord's Resistance Army has been abducting children in Northern Uganda, and enlisting them in the Army's ranks. After being completely desensitized, these children do the LRA's bidding, guns in hand. The children are butchered if they resist. Families in the region have been torn apart, and the children not abducted sleep in fear, every night.
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Episode 22: Soviet-Afghan Conflict and Covert U.S Intervention
Matthew Miller '11
This podcast examines the events surrounding the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan as well as the efforts by the United States to covertly aid the Mujahideen resistance. This podcast also examines how failures in the reconstruction efforts by the United States following the Soviet withdrawal began the eventual rise of power of Islamic extremists we deal with today. It is argued that the role of the Soviet-Afghan conflict in the fall of the Soviet Union coupled with failures in reconstruction make this conflict a pivotal transition point between the Cold War era and the era we live in today.
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Episode 23: Child Soldiers in the Congo
Allison Rabinowitz '12
Despite the illegal nature of using minors in armed forced, children are being employed in battle in the Congo. Multiple fighting factions in the Congo are competing for control of the area, utilizing child soldiers for their cause. They are forcefully recruiting children into their armed service, destroying innocent childhoods and violating international laws.
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Episode 24: Racism in Rwanda Leading up to the Genocide
Michael Dinneen '11
The podcast covers how racism was the catalyst for the division of the Rwandan Nation. The early European colonizers were among the first to separate the two main Rwandan ethnic groups. The Tutsi were identified as the "elite" while the Hutu were labeled as inferior. The division was further accentuated by the Protestant and Catholic Church's lack of action. The Church did not provide any protection for its clergy who were victims of discrimination. The Hutu developed a resentment for the Tutsi who had gained a higher status in society only by their ethnicity. This was the beginning of the conflict that would later result in a full scale genocide of the Tutsi, the minority population.
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Episode 25: Arab-Israeli Conflict
Kathryn Tull '12
In the late 19th century, the Zionist movement began; Noone could have known how long and how intensely it would affect the Middle East. It started a battle for homeland between Jews and Palestinians that still rages on today. The fight is one of the most complicated of our time. Several nations play key roles. Moreso, the land is holy to both sides and neither is willing to give it up. Only time will tell if the conflict can be truly resolved.
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Episode 26: Human Rights Violations In West Papua
Bennett McCabe '11
In 1969 Indonesia was given complete control over the province of West Papua. West Papua was promised a chance for freedom by the U.N.. Indonesia has never relinquished control over West Papua and continues to oppress and control the Papuan people. This podcast looks at the current genocide happening in West Papua.
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Episode 27: Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal
Alex Mavrovitis '11
In late 2003 the Abu Ghraib prison scandal began when members of the 205th military intelligence brigade began using excessive torture and abuse as their interrogation methods. The incidents began in mid-September and continued to the ending of 2003. After much suspicion, an investigation was launched about the prison and what was going on. After the discovery of the photographs taken of the incidents, it was clear that there was significant evidence supporting the claims of the 44 reported incidents. Although most army officials denied knowledge of the incidents, several were tried in court, and up to seven received jail time. This podcast examines the incident from the very beginning to the point where some justice was finally found and the incident was resolved.
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Episode 28: Escalation into the Cuban Missile Crisis
Daniel Fertig '11
This podcast begins with a summary of the Bay of Pigs, and how it evolved into the Cuban Missile Crisis. It then discusses the thoughts behind US Foreign Policy in these situations and reviews President Kennedy's dialogues with then-USSR leader Nikita Khrushchev.
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Episode 29: Atta and Al-Qaeda
Jamie Beddow '11
On September 11th, 2001, Muhammed Atta flew himself and the passengers, crew, and hijackers on board American Airlines flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center. What drives a human being to commit such a violent act of terror on innocent civilians? This podcast examines Atta’s background and turn to Islamic militanism as well Al-Qaeda’s practices and ideology that influenced and ended Atta’s life.
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Episode 30: The Nanking Massacre
Christopher J. Moy '11
The war crimes seen throughout the initial six week occupation of Nanking have rivaled those of the Holocaust. Its ramifications are still felt even today.
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Episode 31: Nazi Genocide of World War II
Robert Ray '11
This podcast is an in-depth examination of the atrocities committed by the Nazi party during WWII. Hitler's forces systematically executed over eleven million minorities, six million of which were Jews. The podcast examines how Hitler successfully won the support of the German public and how he ultimately carried out his attempt in creating the Aryan race. Furthermore, the Holocaust must serve as a constant reminder of why genocide and human rights violations must not be tolerated ever again.
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Episode 02: The Cambodian Genocide and the Continuing Effects of War after Conflict Resolution
Katherine Clark '11
Ban Against Landmines.
http:/Iwww. youtube.com/watch?v=e45th3xlpyw&feature=related
Cambodia Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1997. United States. U.S. Department of State. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 1998.
http://www.state.gov/www/global/human_rights/1997_hrp_report/cambodia
Cambodia. Rep.No. Landmine Monitor. 2006.
http://w.icbl.org/lm/2006/carnbodia
Cambodia's Landmine Trouble. 28 May 2007.
http://w.youtube.com/watch?v=8prkh68tcka
Cambodia Living with Landmines. "A film by Alison McMahan, co-produced by Mathieu Roberts."
http://livingwithlandmines.com/
"The Campaign to Ban Landmines." Online posting. Feb. 2004. Human Rights Watch.
http:/lhnv.orgllandmines/
Holocaust Memorial Day Trust. "Cambodian Genocide - 17th April 1975." Press release.
http://www.hmd.org.uk/press/cambodian-genocide- 17th-april- 975-2008/
Hughes, Stuart. "Cambodia's Landmine Victims." BBC News. 11 Nov. 2003.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific13259891 . stm
Land Mines In Cambodia: A Short Film. 11 Jan. 2008.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqfywtjbjim
“The Ottawa Treaty.” Treaty to Ban Landmines. Handicap International.
http://www.handicap-international.org.uk/page_391.php
“Talking About Genocide.” Cambodia 1975. Peace pledge Union Information.
http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_cambodia.html
"World Report 2001." Cambodia. 2001. Human Rights Watch.
http:/lhnv.org/docl?t=asiaqub&c=cambodia
Episode 03: The Armenian Genocide
Miriam Neustadt '11
Episode 04: The Lost Boys of Sudan
Olivia Straub '12
James Minahan. "Southern Sudanese." Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Aroundthe World, Vol. IV (London: Greenwood Press, 2002). 1788
"Sudan: Army Mutiny Put Down." Facts on File: Weekly World News Digest with Cumulative Index 1983 (Vol.43, No. 2223). 476.
Lost Boys of Sudan, DVD, directed by Megan Mylan and Jon Shenk (Actual FilmsPrincipe Productions, 2003). 0:37.
Carl Skutsch. "Sudan: Civil Wars, 1955-1972; 1983-." Encyclopedia of Conflicts Since World War 11, Vol. 4. Ed. James Ciment (New York: Sharpe Reference, 1999) 121 0.
"Sudan." African Research Bulletin: Political Social and Cultural Series, Vol. 20, No. 5. May 1983. (Exeter, England) 6847.
"Sudan's Political History in Brief." Middle East Journal, Vol. 44, No. 4. Autumn 1990. JSTOR. 670.
"Sudan - Adoption of Islamic Penal Code-Internal Security-Government Changes-Foreign Relations."Keesig’s Contemporary Archives: Record of World Events, Vol XXX, No. 7. Ed. Robert Fraser. July 1984. 33009
“Sudan.” African Research Bulletin: Political, Social, and Cultural Series, Vol. 20, No. 9. September 1983. (Exeter, England) 6982.
Leslie Goffe. “Sudan’s ‘Lost Boys’ in America.” BBC.co.uk 31 SAugust 2005.
Frank Litsky. “After Walking Hundreds of Miles for Survival, a Refugee Turns to Running.” NYTimes. 29 October 2007. 1.
Fionn Meade. “The Lost Boys of Sudan.” Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 29, No. 92. June 2002. JSTOR. 358.
Episode 05: The Democratic Republic of Congo
Christopher Dixon '12
Cooper, Anderson. "War Against Women: The Use Of Rape As A Weapon In Congo's Civil
War." 60 Minutes. 17 Aug. 2008. CBS News. 20 Oct. 2008
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/11/60minutes/main3701249_page2.shtml
"Democratic Republic of Congo." Bureau of African Affairs. U.S. Department of State. 20 Oct.
2008 http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2823.htm
Exec. Order No. Y 1.117: 109-142,3 C.F.R. 1 (2006).
Human Rights Watch. The Curse of Gold: Democratic Republic of Congo. Human Rights
Watch. 1-4.
Nest, Michael. The Democratic Republic of Congo: Economic Dimensions of War and Peace.
Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, Inc., 2006.
Polgreen, Lydia. "Congo's Death Rate Unchanged Since War Ended." Africa. 23 Jan. 2008. The
New York Times. 20 Oct. 2008
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/23/world/africa/23congo.html?_r=l&ore+slogin
Scherrer, Christian P. Genocide and Crisis in Central Africa. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002.
265-66.
Episode 06: The Massacre in Drencia, Kosovo
Bardha Ajeti '12
Bieber, Florian and Zidas Daskalovski, ed. Understanding the War in Kosovo. London"
Frank Cass, 2003.
Lellio Di, Anna and Stephanie Schwander-Sievers. "The Legendary Commander: the
construction of an Albanian master-narrative in post-war Kosovo". Nations and
Nationalism. 12(2006): 513-529.
Schwartz, Stephen. Kosovo: Background to a War. Hungary: Interpress, 2000.
"Violations of the Rules of War by Government Forces". Human Rights Watch
http://www.hrw.org/reports98/kosovo/Kos9810- 10.htm
Episode 07: Conflict Diamonds and Human Rights Violations
Vera Carrington '10
Cambell, Greg. "Blood Diamonds." Amnesty International Magazine. September 2007.
Combating Conflict Diamonds. 26 February 2007.
http://www.globalwitness.orn/pages/en/conflicdt_diamonds.html
Warhurst, Alyson. "The Other Diamond Story." Business Week Online. Dec. 2006: 29.
Spillings, Jim. "Conflict Diamonds" Fortune. 155 (2007): 17.
Zoellner, Tom. "So, Should You Buy a Diamond?" Time Magazine. 168 (2006): 67.
Episode 08: South Africa under Apartheid
Andrew Eldredge '11
Bearak, Barry. "Pst-Apartheid South Africa Enters Anxious Era." NY Times. 5 October, 2008.
Cohen Milstein, Hausfeld & Toll. Apartheid Litigation - Plaintiffs' PersonalStories. 21 Oct. 2008. http://www.cmht.com/cases apartheid-plaintiffs.php
Crocker, Chester A., U.S. response to apartheid in South Africa- transcript. US Department of State Bulletin. June, 1985.
Giliomee, Hermann, and Lawrence Schlemmer. Apartheid to Nation-Building. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Episode 09: The Struggle for East Timor
Teesa Bahana '11
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tt.htm
Peacekeeping in East Timor : the path to independence / Michael G. Smith with Moreen Dee and East
Timor : a rough passage to independence / James Dunn
East Timor Questions & Answers Stephen R. Shalom, Noam Chomsky, & Michael
Albert Z Magazine, October, 1999
http://www.un.org/peace/etimor/news/N251099.htm
http://hrw.org/reports/2006/easttimor0406/3.htm# ftn5
The East Timor question : the struggle for independence from Indonesia / edited by Paul
Hainsworth & Stephen McCloskey
Episode 10: The Lost Boys of Sudan
Sheldon Keegan '11
Sudan: Nearly 2 million dead as a result of the world's longest running civil war, U.S.
Committee for Refugees, 2001. Archived 10 December 2004 on the Internet
Archive. Accessed I0 April 2007.
Lee J.M. Seymour, Review of Douglas Johnson, The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil
Wars. African Studies Quarterly, African Studies Quarterly, Volume 7, Issue 1, Spring
2003 (TOC). Accessed 10 April 2007.
Sabit A. Alley, War and Genocide in the Sudan, iAbolish. Paper originally delivered at
"The 19th Annual Holocaust and Genocide Program: Learning Through Experience"
hosted by the Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies of Raritan Valley College in
New Jersey on March 17, 2001. Archived 21 December 2005 on the Internet Archive.
Accessed 10 April 2007.
Corbett, Sara. "The Lost Boys of Sudan; The Long, Long, Long Road to Fargo." The
New York Times. 1 April, 2001.
Meade, Fionn. "The Lost Boys of Sudan." Review of African Political Economy, Vol
29, No. 92, Africa, the African Diaspora, and Development. June 2002. Pp. 358-362
http://www.istor.or~/stable/400682A3. Accessed 26 October, 2008
Hicks, Steven. "The Political Economy of War-Affected Children." American
Academy of Political and Social Science. May 200 1. Pp. 106- 12 1.
http://www.jstor.org/stablel1049183. Accessed 26 October, 2008
Seravalli, Rachael. "Project gives refugees something to smile about." The Lincoln
Journal Star. 7 February, 2005.
Episode 11: The U.S. versus Castro's Cuba - From Batista to the Cold War
Diandra Rivera '12
Fulgencio Batista by Frank Argote Freyre, Cuba and the United States: A Chronological History by Jane Franklin, Family Portrait with Fidel by Carlos Franqui, Inside the Cuban Revolutionary Underground by Armando Hart, and The Cuban Threat by Carla Anne Robbins
Episode 12: El Mozote Massacre
Dana Epsten '11
Bonner, Raymond. "Massacre of Hundred Reported In Salvador Village." The New York Times.
27 January 1982.
Danner, Mark. "The Truth of El Mozote." The New Yorker. 06 December 1993.
Golden, Mark. "Salvador Skeletons Confirm Reports of Massacre in 198 1 ." The New York
Times. 22 October 1992.
"The Massacre at El Mozote: The Need to Remember." Americas Watch: A Division of Human
Rights Watch. Vol. 4. Issue 2 (1992).
Urbina, Ian. "O.A.S. to Reopen Inquiry Into Massacre in El Salvador in 1981 ." The New York
Times. 08 March 2005
Episode 13: The Darfur War
Brian K Gitau '11
Mil1enson;Daniel. Personal Interview. 14 Oct. 2008.
De Waal, Alex, ed. War in Darfur and the search for peace. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2007.
Jok Madut Jok. SUDAN- Race, Religion, and Violence. Oxford: One World, 2007.
National Public Radio. Darfur Women scared by fighting. 23 Oct. 2008
http://www.npr.orA/templates/player/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=l&islist=false&id=96023425&m=96023417
Goodman, S Peter. "China Invests Heavily on Sudan's Oil Industry."Washin@on Post. 23 Dec 2004.
Episode 14: The Arab-Israeli Conflict
Mark Miller '11
Bouillon, Markus. The Peace Business: Money and Power in the Palestine-Israel
Conflict. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2004.
Gelvin, James. The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War. New York:
Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Gidron, Benjamin., Yeheskel Hasenfeld, and Stanley Katz, eds. Mobilizing for Peace:
Conflict Resolution in Northern Ireland, Israel/Palestine, and South Africa. New
York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Harms, Gregory., and Todd Ferry. The Palestine Israel Conflict: A Basic Introduction.
Ann Arbor: Pluto Press, 2005.
Laqueur, Walter., and Barry Rubin, eds. The Israel-Arab Reader. New York: Penguin
Books, 2001.
"Ruling Palestine I: Gaza Under Hamas." Crisis Group. 2008. Oct. 15, 2008.
http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=5525&1=1
Episode 15: My Lai Massacre
Melissa Giusti '11
Bilton, Michael and Kevin Sim. Four Hours in My Lai. New York: Penguin, 1992.
Oliver, Kendrick. The My Lai Massacre in American History and Memory. New York:
Manchester University Press, 2006.
Olson, James S. and Randy Roberts. My Lai: A Brief History With Documents. Boston:
Bedford Books, 1998.
Episode 16: Drug Trafficking in The Caribbean
Brendan D. Buglione '10
Miller, Scott. "Illicit Drugs Shipped Through Caribbean Nations to U.S., Europe." USInfo.State.Gov. Available from http:llusinfo.state.govlgi~Archivel2006NarIO1-734029.html lnternet; accessed 20 November 2007.
"TheSite.org." Cocaine and Crack Available from http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugsldmg~u1tureIdrug0rigin~/~anInnatebrin.e t;
accessed 20 November 2007.
Klein, Axel. Caribbean Drugs. New York, NY: Zed Books, 2004.
International Narcotics Control Strategy Report. "The Caribbean." U.S. Deoartment of State. Available from http://www.state.govIpIinVrls/nrcrpt/2006Iv01l/htmV62108. Internet; accessed 10 November 2007.
Pacini, Deboarah. Coca And Cocaine. Petersborough, NH: Cultural Survival Inc., 1986.
Healy, Kevin. “ Drug trafficking in the Americas.” Drug policy Alliance. Available from http.//drugspolicy.org/library%5Cfeatures%5CollegeCourse2003.cfm. Internet; accessed 29 November 2007.
Hristoulas, Alexander. (2006, Mar) The Cocaine Trade in the Greater Caribbean region: Origins, Processes and Consequences Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Town & Country Resort and Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA <Not Available>. 2006-10-05 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p99180_index.html
Guizado, Alvaro. "Drug Trafficking: Perspectives From Europe, Latin America, and the United States." International Seminar 10, (2005): 1-277. DrugPolicy.org[Database online.] JSTOR.
Bowden, Mark. Killing Pablo. New York, NY: Wild Eyes Inc., 2000.
"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction . "Defining Drug-Related Crime." Drugnet Europe. Available from http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.Content&mmodied=33752&sLanguageeiso=EN. Internet; accessed 9 November 2007.
Episode 17: The Northern Ireland Crisis
Brendan Gibney '11
Aretxaga, Begoiia. "Dirty Protest: Symbolic Overdetermination and Gender in Northern
Ireland Ethnic Violence." In Violence in War and Peace. Ed. Nancy Scheper-Hughes
and Phillipe Bourgois. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1994. Pg. 244-245.
Arthur, Paul. "Conflict, Memory, and Reconciliation." In The Long Road to Peace in Northern
Ireland. Ed. Marianne Elliot. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press: 2007. Pg. 147-1 56.
Rowan, Brian. Behind the Lines: The Story of the IRA and Loyalist Ceasefires. Belfast: The Blackstaff Press: 1995. Pg. 162
Unknown. "Crime Scene Revisited." The Economist; 10/27/2007. Vol. 385, 8552: 66-67.
Unknown. "Down But Not Out." The Economist; 8/2/2008. Vol. 387, 8591: 57-58.
Unknown. "Now For the Really Hard Part." The Economist; 7/28/2007. Vol. 384, 8539: 59-59.
Unknown. "Operation Banner Lowers the Flag." British Heritage; Jan. 2008. Vol. 28,6: 9-9.
Episode 18: The U.S.-Iraq Conflict
Ben Bernstein '10
Nasr, Vali. "When the Shiites Rise." Foreign Affairs. July-Aug. 2006. Council on Foreign
Relations. 5 Nov. 2008
http:liwww.foreignaffairs.org/20060701faessay85405/vali-nasr/when-the-shiites-rise.html?mode=print
Phillips, James, and James J. Carafano. "The Iraq Study Group Report: the Good, the
Bad, and the Ugly." The Heritage Foundation. 6 Dec. 2006. 5 Nov. 2008
www.heritage.org/research/MiddleEast/w1m2 78.cfm
Polk, William R. Understanding Iraq. New York: HarperCollins, 2005.
United States Institute of Peace. The Iraq Study Group. By James A Baker, et al. 2006.
United States Institute of Peace. 6 Dec. 2006. 5 Nov. 2008
http://www.usip.org/isg/
Episode 19: Psychological Effects of Torture
Sydney Fields '11
Corradi, Juan E., Patricia Weiss Fagen, & Manuel Antonio Garreton. Fear at theEdge. Los Angeles, CA: University of Californa Press, 1992.
Greenwood, C. J. & Elihu Lauterpacht. International Law Reports. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Higham, Scott & Joe Stephens (200415124). Punishment and Amusement. Retrieved November 5,2008, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A46523-2004May21.html
Keller, Allen. March 30, 2005. Podcast. "Advocacy and Medical Care for Victims of Torture and INS Detainees in the U.S. University of Chicago." 4 November 2008.
http://humanrights.uchicago.edu/audio/podcasts/kellertorture.mp3
Klein, Naomi. The Shock Doctrine. New York City: Macmillan, 2007.
Nijhoff, Martinus. Determinants of Gross Human Rights Violations by State and State-sponsored Actors in Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina. Cambridge, MA: Kluwer Law International, 1999.
Sen, Vicheth (2008108112). Cambodia's Untreated Wound. Retrieved November 5, 2008, from http://www.monitor.upeace.org/archive.cfm?id_article=537
Weschler, Lawrence. A Miracle, A Universe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
http://www.cvt.org http://www.survivorsoftorture.org/ http://www.apa.org http://www.ama-assn.org
Episode 20: The Untold Story of Chechen Terrorists
John Dohse '12
"Chechen gunmen seize Moscow theatre." CNN.com 24 Oct. 2002.7 Nov. 2008
http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/10/23/russia.siege/
"Chechnya: Research Shows Widespread and systematic Use of Torture." Human Rights
Watch. 7 Nov. 2008 http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/11/13/russia14557.htm
Cornell, Svante E. "The Case of Chechnya." International Reactions to Massive Human
Rights Violations 51.1 Jan. 1999: 85-100. Europe-Asia Studies. Jstor. Colgate
University. http://jstor.org
"How Special Forces Ended Siege." BBC News 29 Oct. 2002. 7 Nov. 2008
http://news. bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/236360l.stm
Oliker, Olga. Russia's Chechen Wars 1994-2000: Lessons from Urban Combat.
Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2001.
Politkovskaya, Anna. A Small Corner of Hell: Dispatches from Chechnya. Trans.
Alexander Burry and Tatiana Tulchinsky. Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press, 2003.
"Q&A: The Chechen War." BBC News 29 Oct. 2002. 7 Nov. 2008
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2355419.stm
"Russian Federation: First ruling of the European Court of Human Rights against
"disappearances" in Chechnya." Amnesty International Press Release. 27
July 2006. Amnesty International Online. 7 Nov. 2008
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR46/034/2006/en/dom-EUR460342006en.html
Episode 21: Child Soldiers in Northern Uganda
Eric Spencer '12
"Background on the Conflict in Northern Uganda." Human Rights First. Human Rights First. 10 Nov. 2008 http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/international_justice/regions/uganda/uganda.htm
Briggs, Jimmie. Innocents Lost : When Child Soldiers Go to War. New York: Basic Books, 2005
"Child Soldiers Trapped in Vicious Cycle of War." UNICEF.org. 16 Feb. 2005. UNICEF. 17 Nov. 2008 http://www.unicef.org/protection/ugaida - 25 184.html
Invisible Children. Perf. Jason Russell, Bobby Bailey and Laren Poole. DVD. 2006.
Leggett, Ian. Uganda. Grand Rapids: Oxfam, 2001.
Li, Kun. "Children Bear the Brunt of Uganda's 19-year Conflict." Unicef. 23 Mar. 2005. Unicef. 17 Nov. 2008 http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/uganda - 25704.html
U.N. Security Council, 4423rd Meeting. "Resolution 1379 (2001) (SIRES11379) 20 November 2001
"Uganda." CIA Factbook. 6 Nov. 2008. CIA. 15 Nov. 2008
http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ug.html
Episode 22: Soviet-Afghan Conflict and Covert U.S Intervention
Matthew Miller '11
Episode 23: Child Soldiers in the Congo
Allison Rabinowitz '12
"Armed Gangs Recruit Child Soldiers." World News. 7 Nov. 2008. Metro.Co.UK. 19
Nov. 2008
http://http://www.metro.co.uk/news/world/armed_gangs_recruit child soldiers&in article id=3925 1 1&in page id=64
Hall, Tony. "Songs of Sorrow, Rhythms of Hope: Conflict and Hunger in the Congo". US
Mission to the UN Agencies for Food and Agriculture.
Reuters. "Youths Again Forced to Fight in Congo, Aid Group Says." New York Times 25
Dec. 2007.
Sengupta, Somini. "Innocence of Youth Is Victim of Congo War." New York Times 23
June 2003: 1-2.
Thomas-Jensen, Colin, and Candice Knezevic. "Ripples of Genocide: An Update on the
Democratic Republic of Congo, Part One." Interview with Bridget Conley-Zilkic.
GENOCIDE: AN UPDATE ON THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO,
PART ONE. Voices on Genocide Prevention. 18 Sept. 2008.
UNICEF. "UNICEF: Helping former child soldiers in DR Congo." You Tube. 03 Oct.
2007. 17 Nov. 2008 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6d~85giruo
Episode 24: Racism in Rwanda Leading up to the Genocide
Michael Dinneen '11
Destexhe, Alaine. Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century. New York: New York
University Press, 1995. p.38.
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/racism.
Waller, David. Rwanda Which Way Now?. London: Oxfam, 1996. p. 7, 16, 54.
Berry, John A. and Carol Pott Berry. Genocide in Rwanda. p. 34-36, 165-166.
Episode 25: Arab-Israeli Conflict
Kathryn Tull '12
Episode 26: Human Rights Violations In West Papua
Bennett McCabe '11
"Amnesty International." World Report 2008. 2008. 21 Nov. 2008
http://thereport.amnesty.org/
Brundige, Elizabeth, Winter King, Priyneha Vahali, Stephen Valdeck, and Xiang Yuan.
lndonesian Human Rights Abuses in West Papua: Application of the Law of Genocide to
the History of lndonesian Control, Apr. 2004. Yale Law School. 21 Nov. 2008
www.law.yale.edu/outside/html/public_affairs/426/westpapaurights.pdf
"Free West Papua." 21 Nov. 2008 www.freewestpapua.org
Williams, Kerryn. "WEST PAPUA: Genocide continues." Green Left. 17 Nov. 1993. 21 Nov.
2008 http://www.greenleft.org.au/2006/65417569
Wing, John, and Peter King. Genocide in West Papua? Aug. 2005. University of Sydney. 23
Nov. 2008 www.arts.usyd.edu.au/centres/cpacs/docs/westpapuaqenociderpt05.pdf
Episode 27: Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal
Alex Mavrovitis '11
"Abu Ghraib." Newyorktimes.com. 1 Dec. 2008. New York Times. 18 Nov. 2008
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/intemationa~countiesandte~tories/iraq/abu~~aib
/index.html
Asser, Martin. "Abu Ghraib: Dark stain on Iraq's past." Bbc.com. 25 May 2004. BBC News. 20
Nov. 2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3747005.stm
Cooper, Anderson. "CBS News 60 minutes." Cbsnews.com. 24 June 2007. CBS News. 1 Dec. 2008
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/12/07/6utes/mai238188qage3.shtml
Danner, Mark. Torture and Truth : America, Abu Ghraib, and the War on Terror. New York:
New York Review of Books, Incorporated, The, 2004.
Hersh, Seymour M. "Annals of national security: the gray zone." Newyorker.com. 24 May 2004.
The New Yorker. 20 Nov. 2008
http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2004/05/24/040524fa~fact
Hersh, Seymour M. "Torture at Abu Ghraib." Thenewvorker.com. 30 Apr. 2004. The New
Yorker. 20 Nov. 2008 http://samizdat.cc/shelf/documents/2004/05.03-hers~ersh.pdf
Lewis, Anthony. The Torture Papers : The Road to Abu Ghraib. Ed. Karen J. Greenberg and
Joshua L. Dratel. New York: Cambridge UP, 2005.
Pike, John. "Intelligence." Globalsecuritv.org. 5 Jan. 2006. Global Security. 22 Nov. 2008
http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/iraq/abu-ghurayb-prison.htm
Sontag, Susan. "Regarding the Torture of Others." Nytimes.com. 23 May 2004. New York
Times Magazine. 20 Nov. 2008
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/23/magazine/23persons.html?ex=1400644800&en=a2cb6ea6bd297c8f&ei=5007&partner=userland
Walsh, Joan. "The Abu Ghraib Files." Sa1on.com. Salon Media Group. 15 Nov. 2008
http://www.salon.com/news/abu_ghraib/2006/03/14/introduction/.
Episode 28: Escalation into the Cuban Missile Crisis
Daniel Fertig '11
Episode 29: Atta and Al-Qaeda
Jamie Beddow '11
Qutb, Sayyid. Milestones. ed. A.B al-Mehri. Birmingham, England: Maktabah, 2006.
Downloaded through Backtoislarn.com. http://www.backtoislam.com/ebook-milestones-
by-sayyid-qutb/
Gunaratna, Rohan. Inside Al-Qaeda: Global Network of Terror. New York: Columbia
Press, 2002.
Harris, Sam. The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason. New York:
W.W. Norton and Company, 2004.
Burke, Jason. Al-Qaeda: Casting a Shadow of Terror. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2003.
Wright, Lawrence. The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. New York:
Vintage Books, 2006.
Kepel, Gilles and Jean-Pierre Milelli ed. (editors). Al-Qaeda In Its Own Words. Trans.
Pascale Ghazaleh. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,
2008.
Episode 30: The Nanking Massacre
Christopher J. Moy '11
Chang, Iris. The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II. New York: Penguin, 1998.
Katsuichi, Honda. The Naniing Massacre: A Japanese Journalist Confronts Japan's National
Shame. Ed. Frank Gibney. Trans. Karen Sandness. New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1999.
Ng, Kevin. "The Great Denial." Chinese American Forum 23 (2008): 33-36.
Episode 31: Nazi Genocide of World War II
Robert Ray '11