About Colgate
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Education
Ph.D., Department of Political Science, Yale University, December 1987.
M.A. and M.Phil., Department of Political Science, Yale University, December 1985.
B.A., summa cum laude, Princeton University, June 1983.
Positions held
President, Colgate University, 2010-
Provost and Executive Vice-President for Academic Affairs, Miami University, 2005- 2009
Chair, Department of Politics, Princeton University, 2000-2005.
Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Princeton University, 1999-2005.
Associate Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Princeton University, 1994-99.
Visiting Fulbright Professor, 1992-1993, Department of Political Studies, University of Cape Town and Department of Political Studies, University of the Western Cape.
Visiting Research Fellow, 1989-1990, Department of Political Science, University of Ghana, Legon.
Assistant Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Princeton University, 1988-94.
Lecturer, Department of Politics, Princeton University, 1987-1988.
Fulbright Research Associate, Department of Political & Administrative Studies, University of Zimbabwe, 1986-1987.
Member, Editorial Board, Princeton University Press, 2001-2005.
Member, Editorial Board, Journal of Modern African Studies, 1997-.
Member, Editorial Board, World Politics, 1993-2005.
Awards
John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, 2004-5, for a project on “Geography and Political Development.”
States and Power in Africa received the Gregory M. Luebbert Prize for the best book in comparative politics in 2000 from the Comparative Politics section of the American Political Science Association in August 2001. It was also a finalist for the 2001 Melville J. Herskovits Award for the best book in African Studies awarded by the African Studies Association.
Fulbright Scholarship to conduct research in South Africa, 1992-1993.
Ralph O. Glendinning Preceptor, 1991-1994.
Robert S. McNamara Research Fellowship from The World Bank to conduct research in Ghana, September 1989 to June 1990.
Gabriel Almond Award from the American Political Science Association for the best doctoral dissertation in the field of comparative politics, August 1989.
Fulbright Scholarship for fieldwork in Zimbabwe, January 1986 to May 1987.
National Resources Scholarship for Language Study (Afrikaans), 1985-1986.
Books and monographs
New Order in Sight? The African Union, NEPAD, and the Future of a Continent (with Greg Mills), Adelphi Paper no. 361 (London: International Institute of Strategic Studies, 2003).
States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000).
Jeffrey Herbst and Walter Clarke (eds.), Learning from Somalia: The Lessons of Armed Humanitarian Intervention (San Francisco: Westview Press, 1997).
The Politics of Reform in Ghana, 1982-1991 (Berkeley: University of California, 1992).
U.S. Economic Policy Towards Africa: Promoting Reform in the 1990's (NY: Council on Foreign Relations, 1992).
State Politics in Zimbabwe (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990). The book was also published as State Politics in Zimbabwe (Harare: University of Zimbabwe Publications Office, 1990).
South Africa's Changing Regional Strategy: Beyond Destabilization (with Michael Clough) (NY: Council on Foreign Relations, 1989).
Journal articles
“South Africa after the Age of Heroes,” Current History, April 2008, pp. 161-166.
“Africa, Terrorism, and AFRICOM,” (with Greg Mills) RUSI Journal (April 2007), pp. 40-45.
“Mbeki’s South Africa,” Foreign Affairs 84 (November/December 2005), pp. 93-105.
“African Militaries and Rebellion: The Political Economy of Threat and Combat Effectiveness,” Journal of Peace Research 41 (May 2004), pp. 357-369.
“Africa and the War on Terror” (with Greg Mills), RUSI Journal 148 (October 2003), pp. 12-17.
“Analyzing Apartheid: How Accurate were U.S. Intelligence Estimates of South Africa, 1948-1994?” African Affairs 102 (January 2003), pp. 81-107.
“Political Liberalization in Africa after Ten Years,” Comparative Politics 33 (April 2001), pp. 357-376.
“A New Approach to Sovereignty in Africa,” SAIS Review 21 (2001), pp. 19-23.
“Economic Incentives, Natural Resources and Conflict in Africa,” Journal of African Economies 9 (2000), pp. 270-294.
“Prospects for South Africa’s Elite-Driven Democracy,” Political Science Quarterly 112 (Winter 1997-8), pp. 595-615.
“South Africa: The Perils of Normalcy,” (with Antoinette Handley), Current History 96 (May 1997), pp. 222-226.
“Responding to State Failure in Africa,” International Security 21 (Winter 1996/7), pp. 120-144. Also published in Michael E. Brown et. al. (eds.), Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict: An International Security Reader (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997). Correspondence related to this article was published in International Security 22 (Fall 1997), pp. 182-4.
"The Relationship between Political and Economic Reform in Africa," (with Henry Bienen), Comparative Politics 29 (October 1996), pp. 23-42.
“Potential U.S. Responses to the Crises of Sovereignty and Self-Determination,” Defense Intelligence Journal 5 (Fall 1996), pp. 9-26.
“The Everyday Lives of Peacemakers in Somalia,” International Peacekeeping 3 (Spring 1996), pp.39-41.
“Is Development Impossible in Nigeria?” The Washington Quarterly 19 (Spring 1996), pp. 151-172.
“Somalia and the Future of Humanitarian Intervention,”(with Walter S. Clarke), Foreign Affairs 75 (March/April 1996), pp. 70-85. The article was reprinted in Arabic in Al-Shark Al-Awsat (Cairo) on 17 April 1996 and in Japanese in Chuokoron (Tokyo) April 1996.
"Populist Demands and Government Resources in the New South Africa," Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Studies vol. 32 (July 1994), pp. 147-165.
"Creating a New South Africa," Foreign Policy 94 (Spring 1994), pp. 120-137.
"The Challenges to Africa's Boundaries," Journal of International Affairs, vol. 46, no. 1 (Summer 1992), pp. 17-31. A slightly different version of this article was published as "The Potential for Conflict in Africa," Africa Insight (Pretoria), vol. 22, no. 2 (1992).
"The Structural Adjustment of Politics in Africa," World Development, vol. 18 (July 1990): pp. 949-958.
"The Fall of Afro-Marxism" Journal of Democracy, vol. 1, no. 3 (Summer 1990), pp. 92-101.
"Migration, the Politics of Protest, and State Consolidation in Africa," African Affairs, vol. 89, no. 354 (April 1990): pp. 183-203.
"War and the State in Africa," International Security 14 (Spring 1990): 117-139. Reprinted in Patrick O’Neil and Ronald Rogowski (eds.), Essential Readings in Comparative Politics (NY: W.W. Norton, 2004).
"The Creation and Maintenance of National Boundaries in Africa," International Organization 43 (Autumn 1989): 673-692. Related correspondence appears in IO 44 (Summer 1990).
"The Conflict in Southern Africa," Current World Leaders 32 (September 1989): 773-782.
"Political Impediments to Economic Rationality: Explaining Zimbabwe's Failure to Reform its Public Sector," The Journal of Modern African Studies 27 (March 1989): 67-84.
"Die Oorlog in Angola: Castro en Magnus se Chicken-Speletji (The War in Angola: Castro's and Magnus's Game of Chicken)," Die Suid-Afrikaan (Stellenbosch), no. 19 (February 1989): 24-27. This article was also translated and published as "How Castro's Game of 'Chicken' Helped End the War," Sunday Tribune (Durban), 26 February 1989, 28.
"Racial Reconciliation in Southern Africa," International Affairs (London) 65 (Winter 1988-1989): 43-54.
"Prospects for Revolution in South Africa," Political Science Quarterly 103 (Winter 1988-1989): 665-686.
"Societal Demands and Government Choices: Agricultural Producer Price Policy in Zimbabwe," Comparative Politics 20 (April 1988): 265-288.
"Theories of International Cooperation: The Case of the Lomé Convention," Polity 19 (Summer 1987): 637-659.
"Political and Economic Implications of South Africa's Militarization," Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 8 (1986): 42-73.
Other publications
“Africa and the Global Economic Crisis: Threats, Opportunities, Responses,” Brenthurst Discussion Paper, 2009.
“Understanding Zimbabwe: The Conflicting Logics of Race and Governance,” Triquarterly 131 (2008).
“Confronting Fragile and Failed States in Africa,” in John Mackinlay, Terrence McNamee, and Greg Mills (eds.), International Peace-Building for the 21st Century: The Tswalu Protocol and Background Papers, The Royal United Service Institute Report 2-08 (London: RUSI, 2008.
“The Risk of Failed State Contagion,” in Paul Bracken, Ian Bremmer and David Gordon (eds.), Managing Strategic Surprise: Lessons from Risk Management and Risk Assessment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
“Introduction: The Future of Africa in a Globalized World,” (with Greg Mills); “Africa’s Globalizer;” and “Africa and the Challenge of Globalization,” in Barry Deskar, Jeffrey Herbst, Greg Mills and Michael Spicer (eds.), Globalization and Economic Success: Policy Lessons for Developing Countries,” (Johannesburg: The Brenthurst Foundation, 2008).
“Introduction (with Greg Mils and Holger Brett Hansen),” in Holger Bernt Hansen, Greg Mills and Gerhard Wahlers (eds.), Africa Beyond Aid (Johannesburg: The Brenthurst Foundation, 2008).
“Funding African Infrastructure: An Evaluation of New Models,” in Holger Bernt Hansen, Greg Mills and Gerhard Wahlers (eds.), Africa Beyond Aid (Johannesburg: The Brenthurst Foundation, 2008).
“Africa and Challenge of Globalization,” in Asis Kumar Pain (ed.), Africa and Globalization (Hyderabad: Icfai University Press, 2007).
“Crafting Regional Cooperation in Africa,” in Amitav Acharya and Alastair Ian Johnston (eds.), Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective (NY: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
“Africa Trades Down,” (book review), Foreign Policy, November/December 2007.
“Africa’s Big Dysfunctional States: An Introductory Overview,” in Christopher Clapham, Jeffrey Herbst and Greg Mills (eds.), Big African States: Angola, Sudan, DRC, Ethiopia, Nigeria and South Africa (Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2006).
“Conflict in Africa: Armies, Rebels and Geography,” in Christopher Clapham, Jeffrey Herbst and Greg Mills (eds.), Big African States: Angola, Sudan, DRC, Ethiopia, Nigeria and South Africa (Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2006).
“Diamonds and Development” (with Greg Mills), in African Security, Commodities and Development, Whitehall Report 4-06 (London: Royal United Services Institute, 2007).
“Population Change, Urbanization, and Political Consolidation,” in Robin E. Goodin and Charles Tilly (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Contextual Political Analysis (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).
“International Laws of War and the African Child: Norms, Compliance, and Sovereignty,” in Edward C. Luck and Michael W. Doyle (eds.), International Law and Organization: Closing the Compliance Gap (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004).
“The Role of External Actors in Combating Corruption,” in Richard Cobbold and Greg Mills (eds.), Global Challenges and Africa: Report of the 2004 Tswalu Dialogue (London: Royal United Services Institute, 2004).
“Crisis Diplomacy and Peace Operations,” (with Princeton Lyman) in Walter H. Kansteiner (ed.), Rising U.S. Stakes in Africa: Seven Proposals to Strengthen U.S.-Africa Policy (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2004).
“Africa’s Big States: Toward a New Realism” (with Marina Ottaway and Greg Mills), Carnegie Endowment Policy Outlook, February 2004. Found at: http://www.ceip.org/files/pdf/PolicyOutlookOttaway.pdf.
“Let them Fail: State Failure in Theory and Practice: Implications for Policy,” in Robert I. Rotberg (ed.), When States Fail: Causes and Consequences (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004).
“States and War in Africa,” in T.V. Paul, G. John Ikenberry, and John A. Hall (eds.), The Nation-State in Question (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003).
“Africa and the War on Terror,” (with Greg Mills), South African Journal of International Affairs 10 (Winter/Spring 2003), pp. 29-40.
“The Nature of South African Democracy: Political Dominance and Economic Inequality,” in Theodore K. Rabb and Ezra N. Suleiman (eds.), The Making and Unmaking of Democracy: Lessons from History and World Politics (NY: Routledge, 2003).
“Changing State Sovereignty and the Implications for Diplomacy,” in Greg Mills (ed.), South African Yearbook of International Affairs (Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs, 2001).
“U.S. Investment in Security Operations in Africa,” (with Jendayi E. Frazer) in J. Stephen Morrison and Jennifer G. Cooke (eds.), Africa Policy in the Clinton Years: Critical Choices for the Bush Administration (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2001).
“Global Change and the Future of Existing Nation-States,” in Wolfgang Danspeckgruber (ed.), The Self-Determination of Peoples: Community, Nation, and State in an Interdependent World (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2001).
“Self-Determination and the Future of the African State,” in Elizabeth Sidiropoulos (ed.), A Continent Apart: Kosovo, Africa and Humanitarian Intervention (Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs, 2001), pp. 197-210.
“Nigeria,” (with Charles C. Soludo) in Shantayanan Devarajan, David R. Dollar and Torgny Holmgren (eds.), Aid and Reform in Africa (Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2001), pp. 645-678.
“The Unanswered Question: Genocide in Rwanda (book review),” Foreign Affairs 80 (May/June 2001), pp. 123-126.
“African Peacekeepers and State Failure,” in Robert I. Rotbert et. al (eds.), Peacekeeping and Peace Enforcement in Africa (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000).
“The Complicated Future of Peacekeeping in Africa,” in Mark Malan and Christopher Lord (eds.), Prague to Pretoria: Towards a Global Consensus on the Military Doctrine of Peace Support Operations (Prague: Institute for International Relations, 2000).
“Understanding Ambiguity during Democratic Transition in Africa,” in James F. Hollifield and Calvin Jillson (eds.), Pathways to Democracy: The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions (NY: Routledge, 2000).
“Western and African Peacekeepers: Motives and Opportunities,” in John W. Harbeson and Donald Rothchild (ed.), Africa in World Politics: The African State System in Flux (Boulder: Westview, 2000).
“The Regulation of Private Security Forces,” in Greg Mills and John Stremlau (eds.), The Privatization of Security in Africa (Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs, 1999). A revised version appeared in Greg Mills (ed.), South African Yearbook of International Affairs 1999/2000 (Johannesburg: SAIIA, 1999).
“The Role of Citizenship Laws in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Evidence from Africa,” in Richard Joseph (ed.), State, Conflict and Democracy in Africa (Boulder: Lyne Rienner, 1999).
“South Africa,” in Robert Chase, Emily Hill, and Paul Kennedy, (eds.), The Pivotal States: A New Framework for U.S. Policy in the Developing World (NY: W.W. Norton, 1999).
“South Africa and the African Crisis Response Initiative,” in Greg Mills (ed.) South
African Yearbook of International Affairs (Johannesburg: South African Institute of
International Affairs, 1998).
“African Armies and Regional Peacekeeping: Are there African Solutions to African Problems,” in Robert Rotberg and Greg Mills (eds.), War and Peace in Southern Africa: Crime, Drugs, Armies and Trade (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 1998).
“Developing Nations, Regional Integration, and Globalism,” in Antoinette Handley and Greg Mills (eds.), South Africa & Southern Africa: Regional Integration and Emerging Markets (Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs, 1998).
Securing Peace in Africa, World Peace Foundation Report number 17 (Cambridge: World Peace Foundation, 1998).
“Incentives and Domestic Reform in South Africa,” in David Cortright (ed.), The Price of Peace: Incentives and International Conflict Prevention (NY: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, 1997).
“Political Liberalization and the African State System,” in Miles Kahler (ed.), Liberalization and Foreign Policy (NY: Columbia University Press, 1997).
“Global Change and the Future of Existing Nation-States,” in Wolfgang Danspeckgruber and Arthur W. Watts (eds.), Self-Determination and Self-Administration (Boulder: Westview Press, 1997).
“Africa’s Failed States,” in Antoinette Handley and Greg Mills (eds.), South African Yearbook of International Affairs (Johannesburg: SAIIA, 1997).
“Somalia and the Future of Humanitarian Intervention,” (with Walter Clarke) in Walter Clarke and Jeffrey Herbst (eds.), Learning from Somalia: The Lessons of Armed Humanitarian Intervention (Boulder: Westview Press, 1997).
Africa in the International Economy,” in Antoinette Handley and Greg Mills (ed.), From Isolation to Integration? The South African Economy in the 1990's (Johannesburg: The South African Institute of International Affairs, 1996).
“The United States in Africa in 1989-1990,” in Marion E. Doro (ed.), Africa Contemporary Record, 1989-1990 (NY: Africana Publishing Company, 1995).
Somalia and the Future of Humanitarian Intervention (With Walter S. Clarke), Princeton University Center of International Studies Monograph Series, number 9, 1995.
"Nigeria: Economic and Political Reforms at Cross Purposes," (with Adebayo Olukoshi) in Stephan Haggard and Steve Webb (eds.), Voting for Reform: Democracy, Political Liberalization, and Economic Adjustment (NY: Oxford University Press, 1994).
"The Dilemmas of Explaining Political Upheaval: Ghana in Comparative Perspective," in Jennifer Widner (ed.), Economic Change and Political
Liberalization in Sub-Saharan Africa (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994).
"South Africa: Economic Crises and Distributional Imperative" in Stephen Jay Stedman (ed.), South Africa: The Political Economy of Transformation (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1994).
"The Politics of Successful Agricultural Reform," in Thomas M. Callaghy and John Ravenhill (eds.), Hemmed In: Africa in the 1990's (NY: Columbia University Press, 1993).
"The Consequences of Ideology in Zimbabwe" and "The Dilemmas of Land Policy in Zimbabwe," in Simon Baynham (ed.), Zimbabwe in Transition (Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell, 1992).
"The Transition to a Post-Apartheid Economy: Lessons from Independent Africa," in Robert Schrire (ed.), Wealth or Poverty: Critical Choices for South Africans (Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1992).
"The United States in Africa 1988-1989: A Very Good Year for Constructive Engagement," in Marion E. Doro (ed.), Africa Contemporary Record (NY: Africana Publishing Company, 1992).
"The U.S. and Africa: Issues for the Future," in John W. Harbeson and Donald Rothchild (eds.), Africa in World Politics (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1991).
"Exchange Rate Reform in Ghana: Strategy and Tactics," in Tenth Anniversary McNamara Fellowship Papers (Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1991).
"Authoritarianism and Democracy in Africa," (with Henry Bienen) in Dankwart A. Rustow and Kenneth Paul Erikson (eds.), Comparative Political Dynamics: Global Research Perspectives (NY: Harper Collins, 1991), pp. 211-232.
"Labor in Ghana under Structural Adjustment: The Politics of Acquiescence," in Donald Rothchild (ed.), Ghana: The Political Economy of Reform (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1991).
Zimbabwe After Ten Years of Independence (Indianapolis: Universities Field Staff International, 1990).
Economic Reform in Africa: The Lessons of Ghana (Indianapolis: Universities Field Staff International, 1990).
"The Politics of Privatization in Africa," in Ezra Suleiman and John Waterbury (eds.), The Political Economy of Public Sector Reform and Privatization (Boulder: Westview Press, 1990).
"Aiding the Reconstruction of Angola, Mozambique, and Namibia," (with Mark Chona) in Anthony Lake (ed.), After the Wars (Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council 1990), pp. 141-168.
"Structural Reform and Debt in Africa," in Finance and the International Economy III (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990).
"How the Weak Succeed: Tactics, Political Goods, and Institutions in the Struggle over Land in Zimbabwe," in Forrest Colburn (ed.), Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance (NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1989).
"The Angola-Namibia Accords: An Early Assessment," in Sergio Díaz-Briquets (ed.), Cuban Internationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1989), pp. 144-153.
Named Lectures:
“The Incomplete Triumph of Democracy in Africa,” Bradley lecture to the American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1 November 2004.
Recent Seminars:
“Future Prospects for Military Intervention,” presented at the “Conference on the Evolution of African Militaries,” Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State,” Garmisch, Germany, 7-8 February 2009.
“Business Principles for a Strong Africa,” (with Alan Gelb and Greg Mills), presented at the conference, “Business Principles for a Strong Africa,” Brenthurst Foundation, 26-9 May, Candenabbia, Italy.
“Sustaining Africa’s Fragile States,” presented at the conference “Building Peace: Applying the Tswalu Protocol in Africa,” Brenthurst Foundation, Addis Ababa, 15-16 March 2008.
“Why Were We Wrong about Zimbabwe?” Kellogg Institute for International Affairs, University of Notre Dame, 17 January 2008.
“African Globalizers,” presented at the conference “Globalization and Economic Success: Policy Options for Africa,” Brenthurst Foundation, Tswalu, South Africa, 26-28 October 2007.
“The Institutionalization of Democracy in Africa” presented at the conference “Democratization in Africa: What Progress toward Institutionalization,” Center for Democratic Development and U.S. Department of State, Accra, Ghana, 4-6 October 2007.
“New Aid Models for African Infrastructure,” presented at the conference “Africa Beyond Aid II,” sponsored by the Brenthurst Foundation, Konrad-Adenauer Stiftung, and DANIDA, Brussels, 24-26 June 2007.
“Why Were We Wrong about Zimbabwe?” presented to the seminar series of the Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, 2 February 2007.
“Decertifying African States,” presented at the conference “Trusteeship: A question for the 21st Century,” Bellagio, Italy 6-10 February 2006.
“Africa and the Challenge of Globalization,” presented at the conference, “Globalization and Economic Success: Policy Options for Africa,” Singapore, 7-8 November.
“The Risk of Failed State Contagion,” presented at the conference “Managing Strategic Surprise: Lessons from Risk Management and Risk Assessment,” New York, NY, 30 September 2005.
“African Armies and African Guerrillas: Understanding the Dynamics of Conflict,” Pacific Northwest Colloquia on International Security, University of Washington, 14 January 2005.
“African Armies and African Guerrillas: Understanding the Dynamics of Conflict,” seminar at McGill University, 4 November 2004.
“Boundary Changes in the Context of Conflict Resolution: Examples from Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan and the DROC” keynote address to the seminar “War and Peace: State and Territory,” Temple University, 29 September 2004.
“Crafting Cooperation in Africa,” presented at the conference “Crafting Cooperation: The Design and Effect of Regional Institutions in Comparative Perspective,” Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 17-18 May 2004.
“Scale and State Construction in Africa: Why Do Big African States Perform Poorly?” Watson Institute seminar series, Brown University, 20 April 2004.
“What Determines the Effectiveness of African Militaries during Combat,” seminar at the Olin Institute, Weatherhead Center, Harvard University, 8 March 2004.
“The Determinants of the Internal Structures of States,” seminar presented at the comparative politics seminar, University of Chicago, 18 February 2004.
“The Role of External Actors in Curbing Corruption,” presented at the conference “Governance and Insecurity in West Africa,” Northwestern University, 13-15 November 2003.
“International Responses to South Africa’s Global and African Policy,” Chatham Housem London, 29 October 2003.
“What is the Impact of UN-Targeted Sanctions on Insurgent Behavior?” presented at the Conference “Transforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding,” Wilton Park, UK 27-29 October.
“Sovereignty and Self-Determination,” (with Greg Mills), Academy for Peace and
Justice, Hargeysa, Somaliland, 18 October 2003.
“Conflict in Africa: Armies, Rebels and Geography,” presented at the conference on “Africa’s Big States,” Princeton University, 11-12 October 2003.
“Understanding the Reasons for Conflict in Africa,” presented at the conference “Africa after 9/11: Strategies for Engagement and Cooperation,” Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Morocco, 3-4 July 2003.
“Self-Determination in Africa,” presented at the workshop “Workshop on Self-Determination in Africa,” sponsored by the Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination, Paris, 10-11 June 2003.